Research and
Reviews
Research and
published reports are listed by primary investigator,
title and year in reverse chronological order
.
Kirsch, Daniel L. and Gilula, Marshall. CES in
the treatment of addictions: A review and meta-analysis.
Practical Pain Management, 7(9):73-79, 2007.
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Kirsch, Daniel L. and Gilula, Marshall. CES in
the treatment of insomnia: A review and meta-analysis.
Practical Pain Management, 7(7):28-39, 2007
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Tan Gabriel
and Jensen Mark P. Integrating complementary and
alternative medicine (CAM) into multidisciplinary
chronic pain treatment. In
Multidisciplinary Chronic Pain Management: a Guidebook
for Program Development and Excellence of Treatment.
Schatman and Campbell (editors), Taylor & Francis,
Pp. 75-99, 2007.
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Gilula, Marshall.
Cranial electrotherapy stimulation and fibromyalgia.
Expert Review of Devices, 4(4):489-495, 2007.
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Kirsch,
Daniel L. and Gilula, Marshall. Cranial
electrotherapy stimulation in the treatment of
depression – Part 2. Practical Pain
Management, 7(5):32-40, 2007.
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Kirsch,
Daniel L. and Gilula, Marshall. Cranial
electrotherapy stimulation in the treatment of
depression – Part 1. Practical Pain
Management, 7(4):33-41, 2007
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Childs, Allen
and Price, Larry. Cranial electrotherapy
stimulation reduces aggression in violent
neuropsychiatric patients. Primary
Psychiatry, 14(3):50-56, 2007.
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Sussman,
Norman. Editor’s Note: What next? Overcoming
treatment resistance. Primary Psychiatry.
2007;14(3):15-16.
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Kirsch,
Daniel L. and Gilula, Marshall. Cranial
electrotherapy stimulation in the treatment of anxiety
disorders: statistical considerations – Part 2.
Practical Pain Management, 7(3):22-39, 2007.
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Kirsch,
Daniel L. and Gilula, Marshall. A review and
meta-analysis of cranial electrotherapy stimulation in
the treatment of anxiety disorders – Part 1.
Practical Pain Management, 7(2):40-47, 2007.
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Tan, Gabriel,
Alverez, Julie A., and Jensen, Mark P.
Complementary and alternative medicine approaches in
pain management. Journal of Clinical
Psychology: In Session, 62(11):1419-1431, 2006.
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Kirsch,
Daniel L. Electromedical Treatment of Headaches.
Practical Pain Management, 6(8):58-65, 2006.
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Tan, Gabriel,
Rintala, Diana H., Thornby, John, Yang, June, Wade,
Walter, and Vasilev, Christine. Using cranial
electrotherapy stimulation to treat pain associated with
spinal cord injury. Journal of
Rehabilitation Research and Development,
43(4):461-474, 2006. Presented at the South Central VA
Health Care Network’s Pain Management Initiative 2nd
Annual Pain Management Symposium: Campaign Against Pain.
Jackson, Mississippi, April 7, 2006.
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Kirsch,
Daniel L. Microcurrent electrical therapy (MET):
A tutorial. Practical Pain Management,
6(7):59-64, 2006.
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Kirsch,
Daniel L. Cranial electrotherapy stimulation in
the treatment of fibromyalgia. Practical
Pain Management, 6(6):60-64,2006.
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Kirsch,
Daniel L. Cranial electrotherapy stimulation for
the treatment of anxiety, depression, insomnia and other
conditions. Insert: Giordano, James.
Illustrating how CES works. Natural Medicine,
23:118-120, 2006.
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Childs,
Allen.
Cranial electrotherapy stimulation reduces aggression in
violent retarded population: a preliminary report.
The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical
Neurosciences, 17(4): 548-551, 2005.
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Plotnick,
Stephen E.
Finding hope: Alpha-Stim 100 may help clinicians yield
better fibromyalgia treatment results. Advance
for Directors in Rehabilitation, P. 82, May 2005.
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Frick,
Ava.
Microcurrent electrical therapy heals a recalcitrant
wound in a horse. Journal of Equine Veterinary
Science 25(11): 418-422, 2005. Presented at Western
Veterinary Conference, Las Vegas, NV, February 24, 2005.
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Gilula,
Marshall F., and Kirsch, Daniel L.
Cranial electrotherapy stimulation review: a safer
alternative to psychopharmaceuticals in the treatment of
depression. Journal of Neurotherapy,
9(2):7-26, 2005. Presented at the International Society
for Neuronal Regulation 12th Annual Conference, August
26-29, 2004 in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida.
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Overcash,
Stephen. The effect of ROSHI protocol and
cranial electrotherapy stimulation on a 9-year-old
anxious, dyslexic male with attention deficit disorder:
A case study. Journal of Neurotherapy,
9(2):63-77, 2005.
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Cork,
Randall C., Wood, Patrick, Ming, Norbert, Shepherd,
Clifton, Eddy, James, Price, Larry.
The effect of cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES)
on pain associated with fibromyalgia. The
Internet Journal of Anesthesiology. 2004; Volume 8,
Number 2.
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Gilula,
Marshall F. and Barach, Paul R.
Cranial electrotherapy stimulation: a safe neuromedical
treatment for anxiety, depression or insomnia.
Southern Medical Journal. 97(12):1269-1270, 2004.
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Tae-Kyu
Lee, Kwan-Sung Lee, Shin-Soo Jeun, Young-Kil Hong,
Chun-Kun Park, Joon-Ki, Moon-Chan Kim.
The control of chronic pain using microcurrent
electrical therapy and cranial electrotherapy
stimulation. From the Department of Neurosurgery,
Kangnam St. Mary’s Hospital, College Of Medicine, and
The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
Presented at the Korea Society for Stereotactic &
Functional Neurosurgery April 14, 2004.
Kirsch,
Daniel, L. and Smith R.
Cranial electrotherapy stimulation for anxiety,
depression, insomnia, cognitive dysfunction, and pain.
In Bioelectromagnetic Medicine. Paul J. Rosch,
Ed. Marcel Dekker, New York, Pp 727-740, 2004.
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Kennerly,
Richard.
QEEG analysis of cranial electrotherapy: a pilot study.
Journal of Neurotherapy (8)2, 2004. Presented
at the International Society for Neuronal Regulation
annual conference, September 18-21, 2003 in Houston,
Texas.
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Tan, G.,
Rintala, D., Herrington, R., Yang, J., Wade, W.,
Vasilev, C. and Shanti, B.F.
Treating spinal cord injury pain with cranial
electrotherapy stimulation (abstract). Journal
of Spinal Cord Medicine, 26(3), 2003. Poster
presented at the Annual Meeting of the American
Paraplegia Society, Las Vegas, Nevada, September 2-4,
2003.
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Scherder,
E., Knol, D., van Someren, E., Deijen, J-B, Binnekade,
R., Tilders, F. and Sergeant, J.
Effects of low-frequency cranial electrostimulation on
the rest-activity rhythm and salivary cortisol in
Alzheimer's disease. Neurorehabilitation and
Neural Repair, 17(2):101-108, 2003.
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Smith, Ray
B.
The use of cranial electrotherapy stimulation in the
treatment of multiple sclerosis. The Original
Internist, 9(3):25-28, September, 2002.
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Smith, Ray B.
Microcurrent therapies: emerging theories of
physiological information processing.
NeuroRehabilitation, 17(1):3-7, 2002.
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Kirsch,
Daniel L.
Postmarketing survey of Alpha-Stim CES patients.
Summarized here and presented in detail in the book The
Science Behind Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation, 2nd
Ed., Medical Scope Publishing Corporation, Edmonton,
Alberta, Canada, 2002.
Kirsch,
Daniel L.
A practical protocol for electromedical treatment of
pain. Chapter 61 in Pain Management: A Practical
Guide for Clinicians (the textbook of the American
Academy of Pain Management) edited by Richard S. Weiner,
CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 2002.
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Kirsch,
Daniel, L. Electromedicine: the other side of
physiology. Chapter 60 in Pain Management:
A Practical Guide for Clinicians (the textbook of
the American Acadamy of Pain Management) edited by
Richard S. Weiner, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, Pp
749-758, 2002.
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Tomaszek,
David E., and Morehead, Kenneth.
The use of CES in reducing pain in spinal pain patients.
2001.
Kulkarni,
Arun D. and Smith, Ray B.
The use of microcurrent electrical therapy and cranial
electrotherapy stimulation in pain control.
Clinical Practice of Alternative Medicine.
2(2):99-102, 2001.
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Lichtbroun, Alan S., Raicer, Mei-Ming C., and Smith, Ray
B.
The treatment of fibromyalgia with cranial
electrotherapy stimulation. Journal of Clinical
Rheumatology, 7(2):72-78, 2001. Presented at the
Fifteenth Annual International Symposium on Acupuncture
and Electro-Therapeutics, Columbia University, New York,
October 1999.
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Smith, Ray
B.
Is microcurrent stimulation effective in pain
management? An additional perspective. American
Journal of Pain Management, 11(2):62-66, 2001.
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Tyers,
Steve and Smith, Ray B.
A comparison of cranial electrotherapy stimulation alone
or with chiropractic therapies in the treatment of
fibromyalgia. The American Chiropractor,
23(2):39-41, 2001.
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Debock,
Patrick.
European perspective: a comparison between TENS and MET.
Physical Therapy Products. September: 28-33,
2000.
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Kirsch,
Daniel L. and Smith, Ray B.
The use of cranial electrotherapy stimulation in the
management of chronic pain: a review.
NeuroRehabilitation, 14(2):85-94, 2000.
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Sizer P,
Sawyer S, Brismee J, Jones K., Bruce J., Slauterbeck J.,
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and
University Medical Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA.
The effect of microcurrent stimulation on postoperative
pain after patellar tendon-bone anterior cruciate
ligament reconstruction. Presented at the American
Physical Therapy Association Annual Conference and
Exposition, Indianapolis, Indiana; June, 2000.
Clark,
Nancy, Mills, Daniel & Marchant, Jeremy.
Evaluation of the potential efficacy of the Alpha-Stim
SCS in the horse. DeMontfort University Equestrian
Centre and Field Station, Caythorpe, Lincolnshire,
United Kingdom. January, 2000.
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Tan,
Gabriel, Monga, Trilok, and Thornby, John.
Efficacy of microcurrent electrical stimulation on pain
severity, psychological distress, and disability.
American Journal of Pain Management,
10(1):35-44, 2000. Unedited abstract with rebuttal to
the editor.
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Smith, Ray
B,
Cranial electrotherapy stimulation in the treatment of
stress related cognitive dysfunction, with an eighteen
month follow up. Journal of Cognitive
Rehabilitation, 17(6):14-18, 1999.
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McClure,
Mark W., and Morehead, Kenneth.
A pilot study of the use of microcurrent stimulation in
the treatment of interstitial cystitis. October,
1999.
Schroeder,
M.J., and Barr, R.E.
Quantitative analysis of electroencephalogram during
cranial electrotherapy stimulation. Clinical
Neurophysiology. 112:2075-2083, 2001. Doctoral
dissertation, The
Graduate School of the University of Texas at Austin,
191 pages, 1999
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Winick,
Reid L.
Cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES): a safe and
effective low cost means of anxiety control in a dental
practice. General Dentistry, 47(1):50-55,
1999.
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Overcash,
Stephen J.
Cranial electrotherapy stimulation in patients suffering
from acute anxiety disorders. American Journal
of Electromedicine, 16(1):49-51, 1999.
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Alpher, Elliott J. and Kirsch, Daniel L.
Traumatic brain injury and full body reflex sympathetic
dystrophy patient treated with cranial electrotherapy
stimulation. American Journal of Pain Management,
8(4):124-128, 1998. Presented at the Ninth Annual
Clinical Meeting of the American Academy of Pain
Management, Atlanta, Georgia, September, 1998.
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Heffernan,
Michael.
The effect of variable microcurrents on EEG spectrum and
pain control. Canadian Journal of Clinical
Medicine, 4(10):4-11, 1997.
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Heffernan,
Michael.
Comparative effects of microcurrent stimulation on EEG
spectrum and correlation dimension. Integrative
Physiological and Behavioral Science,
31(3):202-209, 1996.
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Heffernan,
Michael.
The effect of a single cranial electrotherapy
stimulation on multiple stress measures. The
Townsend Letter for Doctors and Patients,
147:60-64, 1995. Presented at the Eighth International
Montreux Congress on Stress, Montreux Switzerland,
February 1996.
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Voris,
Marshall D., et. al., and Good, Shirley.
Treating sexual offenders using cranial electrotherapy
stimulation. Medical Scope Monthly,
3(11):14-18, 1996.
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Voris,
Marshall D.
An investigation of the effectiveness of cranial
electrotherapy stimulation in the treatment of anxiety
disorders among outpatient psychiatric patients, impulse
control parolees and pedophiles. Delos Mind/Body
Institute, Dallas and Corpus Christi, Texas, 1995.
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Mercola,
Joseph M. and Kirsch, Daniel L.
The basis for microcurrent electrical therapy in
conventional medical practice. Journal of
Advancement in Medicine, 8(2):107-120, 1995.
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May, Brad,
et. al.
Pilot project using the Alpha-Stim 100 for drug and
alcohol abuse. August, 1993.
Smith, Ray
B, et. al.
The use of cranial electrotherapy stimulation to block
fear perception in phobic patients. Journal of
Current Therapeutic Research, 51(2):249-253, 1992.
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King, GE,
et al.
Electrotherapy and hyperbaric oxygen: promising
treatments for postradiation complications.
Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 62(3):331-334,
1989. Also published in the book, Emerging
Electromagnetic Medicine, 283-289, edited by ME
O'Conner, RHC Bentall and JC Monahan, Springer Verlag,
New York, 1990.
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Boswell,
NS.
Neuroelectric therapy eliminates xerostomia during
radiotherapy - A case history. Medical
Electronics, 115:105-107, February, 1989.
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Overcash,
Stephen J, et. al.
The effects of cranial electrotherapy stimulation and
multisensory cognitive therapy on the personality and
anxiety levels of substance abuse patients.
American Journal of Electromedicine, 6(2):105-111,
1989.
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Zimmerman,
Stephen I, et. al.
Biofeedback and electromedicine reduce the cycle of pain
spasm pain in low back patients. Medical
Electronics, 117:108-120, June 1989. Doctoral
dissertation (SZ), City University Los Angeles, 284
pages, 1987.
Gibson,
Thomas H, et. al.
Cranial application of low level transcranial
electrotherapy vs. relaxation instruction in anxious
patients. American Journal of Electromedicine,
4(1):18-21, 1987. Doctoral dissertation (TG), California
School of Professional Psychology, 152 pages, 1983.
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Madden, R,
et. al.
Low intensity electrostimulation improves human learning
of a psychomotor task. American Journal of
Electromedicine, 4(2):41-45, 1987. Doctoral
dissertation, City University Los Angeles, 95 pages,
1987. Presented at The New Brain Technologies and
Accelerated Learning Conference at the University of
Hawaii, April, 1987.
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Brotman,
Philip.
Low-intensity transcranial electrostimulation improves
the efficacy of thermal biofeedback and quieting reflex
training in the treatment of classical migraine
headache. American Journal of Electromedicine,
6(5):120-123, 1989. Doctoral dissertation, City
University Los Angeles, 117 pages, 1986.
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Roth,
Peter M, et. al.
Effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
for controlling pain associated with orthodontic tooth
movement. American Journal of Orthodontics,
90(2):132-138, 1986.
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Engelberg,
M, et. al.
Transcutaneous electrical stimulation for tinnitus.
Laryngoscope, 95(10):1,167-1,173, 1985.
Presented at the Meeting of the Southern Section of the
American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological
Society, New Orleans, Louisiana, January, 1985.
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Nolan, FF.
The effects of transcutaneous electrical stimulation on
the orthodontic movement of teeth. Masters
thesis, The University of Texas, Health Science
Center at Houston, Dental Branch, 49 pages, 1985.
Boswell,
NS, et. al.
Noninvasive electrical stimulation for the treatment of
radiotherapy side effects. American Journal of
Electromedicine, 2(3), 1985. Presented at the
International Conference on Head and Neck Cancer,
Baltimore, Maryland, July, 1984.
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Brovar,
Alan.
Cocaine detoxification with cranial electrotherapy
stimulation (CES): A preliminary appraisal.
International Electromedicine Institute Newsletter,
1(4), July/Aug, 1984. Also in Brain/Mind Bulletin,
9(14), August, 1984.
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Bauer,
William.
Electrical treatment of severe head and neck cancer
pain. Archives of Otolaryngology,
109(6):382-383, 1983.
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Bauer,
William.
Neuroelectric Medicine. Journal of
Bioelectricity, 2(2&3):159-180, 1983.
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Lerner,
Fred N, et. al.
A doubleblind comparative study of microstimulation and
placebo effect in short term treatment of the chronic
back pain patient. Journal of the American
Chiropractic Association, 15(11):101-106, 1981.
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